In fabric processing, a fabric cutting machine is required to cut the fabric. There are three commonly used cutting methods at present, namely cold knife cutting (mechanical cutting), laser cutting and ultrasonic cutting. Mechanical cutting is the most traditional cutting method and is relatively easy to understand. This paper mainly introduces laser cutting and ultrasonic cutting methods.
The principle of laser cutting
Laser cutting is to use a focused high-power density laser beam to irradiate the workpiece, so that the irradiated material quickly melts, vaporizes, ablates or reaches the ignition point, and at the same time, the molten material is blown away by the high-speed airflow coaxial with the beam, so as to realize the cutting of the fabric. open. Laser cutting is one of the thermal cutting methods.
Features of Laser Cutting
As a brand-new processing method, laser processing has gradually been widely used in the leather, textile and garment industries due to its advantages of accurate processing, fast processing, simple operation and high degree of automation. Compared with the traditional cutting method, the laser cutting machine is not only low in price and low in consumption. And because laser processing has no pressure on the mechanical part, the effect, accuracy and cutting speed of the cut products are very good. It also has the advantages of safe operation and maintenance. Simple and other characteristics. Can work continuously. Not only can it cut any complex shape; it has high efficiency and low cost, and it can also use computer to design graphics and cut edges of any shape and size. Due to the combination of laser and computer technology, the operator can realize the laser cutting output and change the cutting size at any time as long as the design is carried out on the computer.
Principle of Ultrasonic Cutting
When using ultrasonic technology for cutting, the vibration generated by the ultrasonic vibration group (converting electrical energy into mechanical energy) transfers heat through the welding head, and through the rotary extrusion of the tool, the desired effect of ultrasonic processing can be obtained.
Through the action of ultrasonic waves, the grinding wheel blade produces instantaneous telescopic vibration in the radial direction, and the abrasive particles and the workpiece can be repeatedly collided under high acceleration in a very short period of time. As a result, the mechanical part can be machined while generating a fine crushed layer on the surface of the mechanical part, so that the machining load of the grinding wheel blade can be greatly reduced. In addition, due to the vibration of the ultrasonic wave, a gap is formed between the grinding wheel blade and the mechanical part, which greatly improves the cooling effect of the abrasive particles, and can improve the processing quality of the mechanical part by preventing the occurrence of the dulling of the abrasive particles and the blockage of pores , and prolong the life of the grinding wheel blade.
Ultrasonic cutting features
Ultrasonic cutting has the advantages of smooth and reliable incision, accurate trimming, no deformation, no warping, fluffing, wire drawing, and wrinkles. The disadvantages of "laser cutting machine" such as rough cutting edge, focal edge and pilling can be avoided, but ultrasonic cutting machine is currently more difficult than laser cutting machine in automation, so the efficiency of laser cutting is currently higher than that of ultrasonic cutting.
These three cutting methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, depending on where they are applied. If you want low cost, use laser cutting and cold knife cutting; if you want to cut high-end fabrics, it is recommended to use ultrasonic cutting. The edge-sealing effect of ultrasonic cutting cannot be surpassed by laser cutting, which is determined by the machine itself, and ultrasonic can also make perfect edge-sealing dust-free cloth and embossed dust-free cloth, which cannot be achieved by laser. In fact, It is also a fact that the cost of ultrasonic cutting is high, and there is a certain running-in period in production and use.
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